Stimulus information was not decodable between trials, but remained present in activity-silent traces inferred from spiking synchrony in the PFC. Just before the new stimulus, this latent trace was reignited into activity that recapitulated the previous stimulus representation.

Importantly, the reactivation strength correlated with the strength of serial biases in both monkeys and humans, as predicted by a computational model that integrates activity-based and activity-silent mechanisms. Finally, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the human PFC between successive trials enhanced serial biases, thus demonstrating the causal role of prefrontal reactivations in determining working-memory behavior.

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The topography of alpha-band activity tracks the content of spatial working memory. Trousdale, J. Impact of network structure and cellular response on spike time correlations. Fujisawa, S. Basically it does not allow simultaneous transmission of data because only a single channel is utilized.

Thereby allowing sequential transfer rather than simultaneous transfer. It is highly suitable for long distance signal transmission as only a single wire or bus is used. So, it can be connected between two points that are separated at a large distance with respect to each other. But as only a single data bit is transmitted per clock pulse thus the transmission of data is a quiet time taking process.

In parallel communication the various data bits are simultaneously transmitted using multiple communication links between sender and receiver.

Here, despite using a single channel between sender and receiver, various links are used and each bit of data is transmitted separately over all the communication link. The figure below shows the transmission of 8 byte data using parallel communication technique:.

Here, as we can see that for the transmission of 8-bit of data, 8 separate communication links are utilized. And so rather following a sequential data transmission, simultaneous transmission of data is allowed.

This leads to a faster communication between the sender and receiver. But, the difference is one wire protocol uses single data line and ground. It requires no clock signal and the slaves are clocked using internal crystal oscillator. It provides half duplex communication. One wire uses bit addressing scheme. The advantage of one wire interface is, it supports long distance communication with low cost. But, the disadvantage is its speed is less.

Asynchronous wired protocols are well suited for long distance communication. However, there is one drawback giving scope to synchronous serial interfaces. The drawback is, if there is a need to connect more transmitters and receivers the installation cost goes high.

Synchronous communication protocols are the best resources for onboard peripherals. The advantage is you can interface more devices on the same bus. I2c Inter-integrated circuit is a two-wire bidirectional protocol used for an exchange of data between different devices on the same bus.

I2c uses 7 bit or bit address allowing to connect up to devices. But, it requires clock signal for generating start and stop conditions. The advantage is it provides data transfer at kbps. It is suitable for onboard communication. SPI Serial peripheral interface protocol send and receive data in a continuous stream without any interruption.

This protocol is recommended for highspeed data communication is required. The maximum speed it can provide is 10 Mbps. Unlike i2c, SPI has 4 wires. Theoretically, we can connect unlimited number of slaves and practically it depends on the load capacitance of the bus.

This protocol is dedicated to vehicle systems or automobiles. It is a message-oriented protocol used for multiplex electric wiring to economize the copper. USB interface is the best alternative to serial or parallel ports. The data transfer associated with USB ports are quite faster than the serial and parallel interface. USB supports speeds from 1. Microwire is a three wire serial communication protocol.

It supports speed up to 3Mbps. It faster than i2c and subset of SPI protocol. Serial Communication is the vital part in the area of Electronics and Embedded Systems. The rate of data transfer is critical if two devices want to exchange information on the same bus. Hence, it is necessary to choose a valid serial protocol for any application. To be honest a lot of information neatly tied into one article, I had several tabs open to get the full picture this article presents.

Thanks for the detailed information. Would it be more better if comparison of languages used for serial communication is explained as well?

Thank you. Introduction Serial communication is the most widely used approach to transfer information between data processing equipment and peripherals. What is Serial communication? Little Endian Vs Big Endian. Serial Communication. RS Parallel Communication. Rules of Serial Communication. RS Serial Port. RS Wiring Connection. You may also like. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.